M'makina amagetsi a hydraulic, mapampu a piston ndi ma axial piston ndi matekinoloje awiri oyambira, omwe amakhala ndi magawo osiyanasiyana ogwiritsira ntchito ndi mapangidwe awo apadera komanso mawonekedwe ake. Ngakhale onse amazindikira kutembenuka kwa mphamvu yamadzimadzi kudzera mumayendedwe obwereza a pistoni, pali kusiyana kwakukulu m'mapangidwe awo amkati, momwe amagwirira ntchito komanso momwe amagwirira ntchito.
Kusiyanasiyana kwamapangidwe: "radial" ndi "parallel" makonzedwe a pistoni
1. Pampu ya hydraulic radial piston: ma pistoni amagawidwa mozungulira
Mawonekedwe: Ma pistoni amapangidwa mu mawonekedwe a nyenyezi motsatira njira yozungulira ya shaft yoyendetsa (yofanana ndi masipoko amagudumu), perpendicular ku shaft yayikulu.
Mfundo yogwirira ntchito: Pistoni ili pafupi ndi mphete ya eccentric cam (Cam Ring) kudzera pa centrifugal mphamvu kapena kukankha kwamakina. Pamene rotor imazungulira, pisitoni imabwereranso mu dzenje la radial kuti amalize kuyamwa kwamafuta ndi kukakamiza kwamafuta.
Zida zazikulu: mphete ya eccentric cam, silinda ya rotor, shaft yogawa.
2. Pampu ya pistoni ya Hydraulic axial: pisitoni imakonzedwa molingana ndi tsinde lalikulu.
Mawonekedwe: Pistoni imafanana ndi shaft yoyendetsa ndipo imagawidwa mofanana mu silinda yozungulira.
Mfundo yogwirira ntchito: Plunger imakwaniritsa kusuntha kobwerezabwereza kudzera mu ngodya ya swashplate kapena opindika. Kukula kwa ngodya ya swashplate, ndikotalika kwa plunger sitiroko ndi kukwezera kutulutsa kotulutsa.
Zigawo zazikulu: swashplate / opindika opindika, silinda yozungulira, mbale yogawa.
Kuyerekeza kowoneka:
Pampu ya Radial: Kapangidwe kake ndi "kolimba", koyenera kuthamanga kwambiri, koma voliyumu yake ndi yayikulu.
Pampu ya Axial: Kapangidwe kake kamakhala "kophatikizika", koyenera kuthamanga kwambiri, kuwongolera kosinthika, ndipo kumakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri.
Kuyerekeza kwa magwiridwe antchito: kupanikizika, kuchita bwino, moyo ndi phokoso
1. Kupanikizika kwamphamvu
Pampu ya piston ya Radial: Yopangidwira kuthamanga kwambiri (pamwamba pa 600-1000 bar), monga makina osindikizira a hydraulic, zida za m'nyanja yakuya ndi zina zogwirira ntchito kwambiri.
Pampu ya piston ya axial: Kuthamanga kwakukulu kosiyanasiyana ndi 200-450 bar, ndipo zitsanzo zina zapamwamba zimatha kufika 600 bar, zoyenera kumakina omanga, makina opangira jekeseni, etc.
Kutsiliza: Ngati kukakamizidwa kwa dongosolo kumaposa 500 bar, pampu ya radial ndiyo yokhayo kusankha; ngati ili pansi pa bar 400, pampu ya axial ndiyotsika mtengo.
2. Kukhazikika kwakuyenda ndi phokoso
Pampu yamagetsi: ma plungers ochepa (nthawi zambiri 5-7), kugunda kwakukulu, phokoso lapamwamba (loposa 80 dB).
Pampu ya axial: ma plungers ochulukirapo (7-9 kapena kupitilira apo), kutuluka kosalala, phokoso lotsika (70-75 dB).
Kugwiritsa ntchito: Mapampu a Axial amakondedwa pazochitika zomwe sizingamve phokoso (monga zida zamankhwala ndi zida zamakina olondola).
3. Kuchita bwino komanso kuwongolera kosinthika
Pampu ya Radial:
Kuchita bwino kwamakina (92%+), koma kusintha kosinthika kosinthika, kusintha kwa cam eccentricity, kuyankha pang'onopang'ono.
Oyenera kusamuka kosasunthika kapena kutsika kwambiri komanso kupanikizika kwambiri.
Pampu ya Axial:
Kuchita bwino kwambiri kwa voliyumu (95%+), kuwongolera kosinthika (posintha mbali ya mbale ya swash), ndikuyankha mwachangu.
Zoyenera kuwongolera pafupipafupi liwiro komanso njira zopulumutsira mphamvu (monga zofukula pansi ndi makina osinthira mphamvu yamphepo).
4. Moyo ndi kusamalira
Radial mpope: kapangidwe kosavuta, kukana kwamphamvu kwa kuipitsidwa, koyenera malo ovuta (monga makina amigodi).
Pampu ya Axial: Pulati yosambira ndi plunger zili ndi zofunika kwambiri paukhondo wamafuta ndipo zimafunikira kusefera bwino (NAS 1638 Kalasi 6 kapena pamwambapa).
Kufananiza zochitika zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito
1. Nkhondo yayikulu yamapampu a pistoni a radial
Ultra-high pressure hydraulic system:
Kupanga zitsulo (hydraulic press, forging press)
Zida zapanyanja yakuya (ROV hydraulic power)
Makampani ankhondo (submarine hydraulic system)
Chilengedwe chambiri:
Makina opangira migodi (kukana kuipitsidwa, kukana kwamphamvu)
Kubowola mafuta (pampu yamatope yothamanga kwambiri)
2. Munda waukulu wa mapampu axial piston
Zida zamagetsi zamagetsi:
Makina omanga (chofukula, chojambulira)
Makina aulimi (phatikiza zokolola)
Industrial automation:
Makina opangira jakisoni, makina oponyera kufa
Wind Power variable phula system
Zamlengalenga:
Ma hydraulic giya okwera ndege
Mayendedwe amsika ndi mayendedwe amtsogolo
1. Kupambana kwaukadaulo kwa mapampu axial
Kupanikizika Kwambiri: Opanga ena (monga Bosch Rexroth ndi Parker Hannifin) ayambitsa mapampu 600 axial axial kuti atsutse ubwino wachikhalidwe wa mapampu a radial.
Kuwongolera mwanzeru: masensa ophatikizika kuti akwaniritse kusintha kwa nthawi yeniyeni ya kuyenda ndi kupanikizika (IoT hydraulic system).
2. Kusasinthika kwa mapampu ozungulira
Msika wa 1000 bar + ukadali wolamulidwa ndi mapampu a radial, monga kudula kwamadzi othamanga kwambiri komanso zida zapadera zazitsulo.
Kupita patsogolo kwazinthu: ma plungers a ceramic ndi zipolopolo zolimbitsa kaboni fiber zimawonjezera moyo.
3. Chitetezo cha chilengedwe ndi zofunikira zogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi zimayendetsa zatsopano
Mapampu a axial amagwirizana kwambiri ndi zosowa zopulumutsa mphamvu pansi pa "carbon yapawiri" chifukwa cha makhalidwe awo osinthika kwambiri.
Mapampu a radial apeza malo atsopano okulirapo mu mphamvu zongowonjezedwanso (monga ma tidal power generation hydraulic systems).
Mapampu a radial piston ndi mapampu axial piston amayimira mafilosofi awiri aukadaulo wa hydraulic:
Mapampu a radial ndi "osewera amphamvu" opangidwira kuthamanga kwambiri komanso kudalirika kwakukulu;
Mapampu a Axial ndi "osewera ozungulira" omwe amagwira ntchito bwino, owongolera komanso ophatikizana.
Ngati muli ndi zosowa, chonde lemberani poocca hydraulic wopanga.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-10-2025
